Today concerns such as Freixenet, play a big function in intercultural communicating as they try to obtain larger markets. What interlingual rendition does is to repeat what was written in one linguistic communication into another taking into history cultural facets. But the fact that there are no two indistinguishable civilizations means that options have to be found ( Venuti 1995: 31-3 ) . This is where the transcriber must take between cultivating or foreignizing their text while taking into history advertisement techniques because in a globalized universe, cultural background influences markets.
Translating implies cultural considerations and harmonizing to the Cambridge Advanced Learner ‘s Dictionary civilization is “ the manner of life, particularly the general imposts and beliefs, of a peculiar group of people at a peculiar clip ” . Consistent with this definition Newmark ( 1988: 94 ) provinces that people and communities manner of life ‘uses a curious linguistic communication as its agencies of look ‘ . If this is the instance, so Myers ( 2005: 308 ) hypothesis that ‘language itself shapes a adult male ‘s basic thoughts ‘ is likely right.
Freixenet ‘s web site is a signifier of advertisement, of societal communicating that embodies the cultural facets of a society. In the international context advertisement creates a demand for version of the advertisement message. International advertisement literature has confirmed the importance and effectivity of cultural messages ( de Mooij 2004: 127 ) . It is hence of import to make up one’s mind on the suited manner to reassign the cultural context given the mark text readership, mark text type and the client ‘s demands.
There are many different footings used in interlingual rendition theory, when discoursing the interlingual rendition of cultural significance such as ‘cultural adequateness ‘ , ‘cultural transportation ‘ or ‘cultural heterotaxy ‘ . The extent to which the cultural message is accurately translated depends on which method the transcriber chooses. With respects to translation techniques of civilization specific constructs Henry, Higgins and Hayward ( 1995:20 ) considered the undermentioned: Cultural adoption or exoticness where retaining the original cultural and lingual characteristics of the beginning linguistic communication in the mark linguistic communication keeps all its cultural significance but is more hard for the readership to understand ; A Calque which is a actual interlingual rendition from the beginning text into the mark text that has no logical sense and is different from what the writer had in head ; Communicative interlingual rendition which uses fixed look equivalents ; Cultural organ transplant is when the beginning text has been so to the full adapted into the mark text that it is impossible to state that it is a interlingual rendition.
When confronted with the challenges related to cultural differences and cultural specific words, Nida advances two methods “ dynamic and formal equality ” . “ Dynamic equality ” besides known as “ domestication ” brings in the foreign constructs into the mark readers societal and cultural context. As for “ formal equality ” , Nida believes that the focal point is “ gloss interlingual rendition ” and deciding all the grammatical and lexical issues that exist between the beginning and the mark text ( 1964:159 ) .
Newark ‘s attack to the interlingual rendition of cultural footings is wholly different. He advances two methods called componential analysis and transference. Harmonizing to Newark, many factors such as the mark text readership and genre, the client ‘s demands and the importance of cultural words all affect the componential analysis ( 1988 ; 119 ) . Furthermore Newark considers componential analysis ‘ focal point on message as “ the most accurate interlingual rendition process ” ( 1988:86 ) . With respects to transference, an embracing of local civilization, the debut of foreign words in the mark text, does non convey the full message. For the interlingual rendition of ambitious civilization specific words, Baker suggest utilizing a loan words plus an account, thenceforth the loan word can be used on its ain ( 1992:34 ) .
Cultural permutation is besides another technique used in interpreting civilization specific words. This consists in “ replacing a culture-specific point or look ” with something “ which does non hold the same prepositional significance but it is likely to hold a similar impact on the mark reader ” ( Baker 1992:31 )
Linguists such as Toury favor cultural organ transplant when it is possible, saying that, ‘Translations have been regarded as facts of the civilization which hosts them ‘ ( Toury 1995:24 ) . Along the lines of prefering cultural organ transplant, Nico believes that in a globalized universe utilizing foreignized or exoticized cultural elements, contributes to the apprehension of foreign civilizations ( Nico 2004 ) .
The function of Freixenet ‘s web site is to advance their trade name name by giving or interchanging thoughts and developing an image. Freixenet operates in many international markets and faces the opposing undertakings of homogenising and divergency. International trade makes it progressively of import to pass on expeditiously with people of different cultural backgrounds. To globally standardise a promotional text can be economically good and aid keep a planetary standardised image but it runs the hazard of non fiting up with the values of local markets. Harmonizing to de Mooij, for the merchandise to be successful in a planetary market it must be staged on the local world and concentrate “ on the peculiar, non on the universal ” ( 1998: 11 ) .
The publicity of a merchandise remains mostly the same between Spain and the UK because it is about commercial involvement. The promotional text in this survey is about scintillating vino and the doctrine environing intoxicant by and large remains the same. There are no spiritual or cultural facets that hinder its ingestion and hence there is no existent demand for cultural accommodations as to societal regulations or cultural values. As a affair of fact, both the Spanish and the British usage a word touching to their well being when browning: “ cheers ” in English and “ salud ” ( wellness ) in Spanish.
The promotional text high spots the history, tradition and production of Freixenet ‘s twinkle vinos. The text refers to the Spanish cultural heritage. For the intent of interlingual rendition this promotional text is seeking to advance and market its merchandises every bit good as increasing the company ‘s international profile and hence all cultural connexions must be dealt with suitably.
When interpreting the relationship between the receiving system and the message should be the same ( Nida in Bassnett-McGuire 1991:26 ) and to make this it is of extreme importance to specify the readership as it will hold an consequence on the manner the interlingual rendition is carried out.
The promotional text has been written for people interested in scintillating vinos who will be referred to as the reader. Harmonizing to Newark, there are three types of readers: the expert, the educated Renaissance man and the uninformed, normally necessitating different types of interlingual rendition ( Newmark 1988:102 ) . In the beginning text the writer writes about Catalonia for people who are familiar with its civilization, history and geographics and its celebrated sparkling vino. It is meant for a reader who has aN mean degree of instruction and needs to be able to afford these vinos.
The monetary values of Freixenet scintillating vinos varies widely and goes from 7 euros up to 30 euros per bottle. In comparing to other scintillating vinos, it is a merchandise which most mean in-between category people can afford on a regular footing. Bearing all of this in head, it is safe to state that the promotional text targets the middle-class. The cultural mentions in the text besides point towards a individual with a general instruction background. However, this being a promotional web site it does take to pull anyone of any background or instruction. A concluding cultural note, the presence of Shakira, the Colombian, pop star vocalist in the foreground of the web site besides sets the temper and indicates that the sparkling vino if for celebrations and even possibly for a younger coevals.
It can be assumed that the mark reader knows small about the message and the civilization of the original text. The web site is addressed to people who know small about the Freixenet merchandises. Give the monetary value, we can presume that the web site is taking for people with an mean instruction being the in-between category market without excepting anyone. The interlingual rendition should be interesting and accurate to appeal to both cognoscentes and amateurs.